Chester is the county town of Cheshire in the northwestern England, close to a border using Wales. These are one of a right-preserved walled cities in the country. These are placed northward of the River Dee. These are a independent personal injury settlement in the City of Chester local government district. A adjective associated by having a city is Cestrian. A patron saint of Chester is Saint Werburgh. History
Roman Origins
Chester is an old city dating back just about 2000 years to Roman times (whilst area of the City wall date from either) when it was referred to as Deva or even Castra Devana. It built it as a fort for Legio XX Valeria Victrix, the 20th Legion, safe in the loop of the River Dee and used it as a port and defence from the Welsh Celts. It was so a primary town of England, by owning numerous relics remaining in todays world, including a weir on a river to keep a water supply levels high & prevent ships running as well far, the 'cross', in which the quaternity main streets intersect, too when remains of a hard room & hypocaust system underneath shops and, polemically, half of its original amphitheatre, with a more half built ended.

The recent Timewatch investigation by the BBC speculated that, from a size & shell of a fort, experienced the Roman Empire non begun to collapse, Deva would keep around been the Roman capital of Britain & a launch post for invasions in Ireland.

Saxon Period
A Roman Empire fell 3 hundred years late. Within AD 605 or even AD 606 (referee. Anglo-Saxon Chronicle) or AD 613 to AD 616 (referee. Bede), Æthelfrith king of Northumbria defeated a large Celtic army at Chester and established a Anglo-Saxon position in the area. A Saxons extended & strengthened a bulwarks of Chester to protect a city against a Danes. A Anglo-Saxons known as Chester Ceaster or even Legeceaster.

Late in the Saxon period of time Saint Werburgh founded a religious institution on the present places of Chester Cathedral, and her title is however remembered around ''St Werburgh's Street'' which lives alongside a cathedral, & touching to the city walls.

Middle Ages
Fallowing a 1066 Norman Conquest, Chester Castle was built as a second defence from either a Celts. Along by owning this, a Normans built what is at present Chester Cathedral which, before Henry VIII, was a great Benedictine monastery dedicated to Saint Werburgh, and however substitute the central city in todays world. Chester was at this instance a big port inside Northward-north-west England, using a trade that this created bringing richness to the city. It became the county corporate, essentially generating it administrative independence. It was it used to be that thought that Chester's marine trade was bring around an prevent per silting of a Flow of any stream Dee, although recent locate has shown this is non the pack. It was a utilize of big ocean-seagoing ships that led to the diversion of the trade to the comparatively immature town of Liverpool and other locations on the River Mersey, which had yearn been competition to Chester, such as Runcorn. Neither was it that a silting of the Flow of any stream Dee that created the land which is today Chester's track (referred to as a Roodee), on which a stone cross, it utilized to be that used when a a lake level marker, however stands, since a Roodee wwhen around being as early as the thirteenth & fourteenth centuries.

Chester continued to treat sustaining its loss of trade throughout a centuries, & in the 1640s English Civil War the Battle of Rowton Moor occurred in nearby hayfield, in which a Parliamentary Forces crushed the Royalist firm Cavaliers. This battle was watched by King Charles I from Chester's Phoenix Tower (now likewise known as King Charles' Tower) on the City Bulwarks.

Victorian & Georgian era
In a Georgian erthe, the city became once again a centre of richness, a town by owning elegant terraces in which the landed aristocracy lived. This trend continued into a Industrial Revolution, when a city was populated by using a upper classes within amongst a industrial sprawls of Manchester and Liverpool. A revolution brought a Chester Canal (now section of the Shropshire Union Canal) to the city (which was dubbed 'England's first abortive canal', fallowing its failure to bring heavily industry to Chester) also when railways & deuce big central stations, just one of which remains. A Victorians make build Chester's Gothic Town Hall, which, along by owning a Cathedral, dominates a city skyline. This was built when a original Gild Hall burnt down, & features a clock tower using just tercet faces, using the Welsh facing side remaining blank. A cause for this was declared per designer to exist as only because "Chester won't give the Welsh the time of day". Notwithstanding, this did non prevent a town hosting Wales's National Eisteddfod in 1866.

A Eastgate clock wwhen also built at this instance, & occurs as central feature as it crosses Eastgate street, & is a share of the city bulwarks.A clock is very popular by owning holidaymaker this is has given it a grand title of the 2nd virtually all photographed punch in the UK when large ben.

Present Day

The considerable total of land within Chester is owned by Duke of Westminster who owns an estate at Eaton near a village of Eccleston. Grosvenor is the Duke's surname, which explains such features in a City like the Grosvenor Hotel & Grosvenor Park. Very much of Chester's architecture dates from either a Victorian era, by using numerous of the buildings that aren't modelled on the Jacobean half timbered style of the mediaeval days existence designed by John Douglas, employed per Duke when his chief designer. He got the trademark of twisted chimneystacks, will of which may be seen on the buildings in the Central city. Douglas designed amongst more buildings a Grosvenor Hotel & a City Baths. An additional feature of tons buildings belonging to the estate of Westminster is the 'Grey Diamonds'; the weaving pattern of grey bricks in the red brickwork, placed call at the diamond formation. By 1945 two problems needed attention, viz. low-priced housing & traffic congestion. Following huge areas of Slum area were cleared & an inner by-pass was caused across & around a Central city. Big areas of open fields on the fringe of the City were turned into community in the 1950s and early 1960s.

In a late 1960s a City authorities woke as much as a fact that recently developments were radically altering the look of the Central city. Inside 1968 Donald Inshall published a report together by using a City authorities & Exchange Government. His report recommended preserving historic buildings like than tearing the babies down & searching for fresh utilizes for the two.A Eastgate clock which is placed on a bulwarks is victorian & is besides the 2nd virtually all photographed vicarious the UK.

Within 1969 the City Conservation Area was intended. in top a next Xx years a emphasis was set on saving historic buildings, like A Falcon Inn, Dutch Houses & Kings Buildings.

In January 13, 2002, Chester was granted Fairtrade City status. This status was renewed per Fairtrade Foundation on August 20, 2003.

Inside August 2005 a council announced plans to demolish a station house, an unsightly building built in the Sixties. Even so, a replacement building, a cylindric glass hotel/cafe, has sparked contestation, part due to a prominent total of more glass structures plotted in the city, especially the freshly council agents.

the Northgate development might demolish a old Council Agents, which may go in a freshly building in an old car-park. This structure was unpopular using several of a older citizens of Chester, leading a to the local papers to dub it the 'Glass Slug'.

Cestrians come typically perceived (partly-jokingly) of existence 'anti-Welsh'. This is exemplified per fact that a Town Hall clock doesn't face west, towards Wales, & an archaic law which states any Cestrian will shoot the Welshman sustaining a longbow in case he loiters inside the bulwarks fallowing sunset. There exists lot debate inside a city when to whether this law however applies. Nevertheless, numerous Cestrians act & shop within Wales, & Chester shares the radio station by owning Wrexham, Wales.

Culture
Shopping
A city occurs as popular plaza, by owning its unique 'Rows' or even galleries (in essence deuce levels of shops) which date from either medieval times. the city is heavy populated by chain places each in the centre & in retail parks to the west, & as well features deuce indoor center, an indoor market & a emporium, Browns of Chester, once called 'a Harrods of the North', nowadays absorbed per Debenhams chain. There are deuce independent indoor shopping mall, A Grosvenor Mall & a Forum. A latter refers to the city's Roman retiring, & is to exist as demolished in the Northgate Development to produce way for fresh concidering streets, the freshly indoor market, the fresh library & the performing arts centre.

Arts & Sport
a city has ii cinemas & a theatre, the Gateway Theatre, and in a summertime a city hosts the annual Chester Music Festival, the Chester Midsummer Watch Parade and the Chester Mystery Plays, the latter of which dates from either mediaeval days. Many saloon people a city, a few of which are then mediaeval, when run wine parallel bars when asleep, & Chester too has 5 nighttime-nightspot. the city besides has a eleven, Chester City F.C., who play in the Deva Stadium and a national basketball team, the Chester Jets, who play in the city's Northgate Arena leisure centre. Too to a east side of the city come the UK's big zoological gardens, Chester Zoo.

Media
Chester's newspapers come a day-to-day Chester Evening Leader, the each week Chester Chronicle, and a loose newspapers Chester Mail and Chester Standard. Dee 106.3 is the city's own radio station, with Wrexham's MFM 103.4 also broadcasting locally. Chester is the city in which Channel 4's soap-opera Hollyoaks is set (although virtually all motion-picture photography go on in Liverpool).

Industry
A city's independent industries come retail, touristry & fiscal services. Chester's independent employer is MBNA Europe. There exists likewise the big Shell oil refinery, several big fiscal business firm including M&S Money and also a chemical factory, operated by ICI to the north of Chester near Ellesmere Port. Good all over a Welsh border to a west touching the village of Hawarden there is an aviation factory, operated by BAE Systems (formerly British Aerospace) where a wings of Airbus aircraft, including the Airbus A380 super-jumbo are made, & there are food processing plants northwards & west.

Chester has its have university, the University of Chester, and a major hospital, the Countess of Chester Hospital, named fallowing Diana, Countess of Chester.

Transport
Chester has the railway station to the North East of the city center, designed by Francis Thompson by using an telling Italianate frontage dating from either 1848, though the interior is somewhat dilapidated, with misused the roof in the Chester General rail crash. Trains last from either on this text along a North Wales Coast Line, when well as to London Euston, Liverpool, Crewe, Manchester, Wrexham and Shrewsbury. Chester Northgate station closed in 1969, was demolished and is currently a places of the Northgate Arena leisure centre.

Bus shipping in the city is provided per council owned & operated Chester Bus (formerly Chester City Transfer) also when First Group and Arriva. There exists to exist as the newly bus exchange built in the city likewise as a newly bus terminal.

A city is too a terminus of the M53 from Liverpool and, via a M56, Manchester, when well as a terminus of the A55 from Holyhead in North Wales.

When you took a late Xix^th & early Twenty^th centuries, Chester experienced an extensive tram network from either Saltney in a west at the Welsh border to Chester General staion northward West. This network featured a narrowest gauge trams within mainland Britain, due to an work of Parliament which deemed that it must become "The least obstructive possible". A tramway was established within 1871 by Chester Tramways Corporation. At a start, the tramway was horse-drawn, although this was replaced by overhead-wired electric automobile inside 1903. A tramway was closed rather virtually all others around the UK in February, 1930. the merely remains come little areas of exposed track in a bus statiin, two or three tram wire supports connected to buildings on Eastgate/Foregate street & a wire trend lines.

Districts, Towns and Villages

Blacon, Boughton Christleton, Curzon Park Eaton, Eccleston Handbridge, Hoole, Huntington Lache Malpas, Mollington Newton Queens Park Saltney, Saughall, Sealand Tarvin, Tattenhall Upton Vicars Cross Waverton, Cheshire, Westminster Park